A Black City Within the White” Essay Example for Free

A Black City Within the White† Essay Loic Wacquant’s â€Å"A Black City Within the White† provides an absorbing and honest perspective on the continuation of racial disparity and discrimination in urban America. He contends the black world within the white world exists due to the continued exclusion of blacks to the extent the black world is virtually â€Å"unknown and unnoticed† by white America. He makes the case through an examination of urban semantics, specifical-ly the use of the words â€Å"ghetto† and â€Å"slum†. He believes the original terms referred to either a concentration of a specific ethnic group (ghetto) or concentration of poverty (slum). Wacquant states the term â€Å"ghetto† began to include â€Å"slum† as reflecting housing discrimination as well as black urban poverty. He believes the term â€Å"ghetto† is now much closer to â€Å"slum† in meaning, as whites prefer thinking in terms of income disparity instead of ingrained racial prejudice. Thus â€Å"the concept of ‘ghetto’ has been stripped of its eth-noracial referent and denuded of any mention of group, power, and oppression†¦(thus it) obfuscates the history and enduring reality of racial division in the United States† (143). See more: Social process essay In essence the terminology has been changed by whites more comfortable with consider-ing a mythical â€Å"colorblind† poverty level instead of the reality of racial prejudice and in-equity. Wacquant makes the point that a â€Å"ghetto† is not simply a term but â€Å"an institution-al form† (143). It is indeed a â€Å"world if itself† caused by power and economic discrimina-tion that is either not acknowledged or misunderstood by whites. The reading provides and insight that I did not have before reading and contemplating the issues. It is im-portant to me to try to understand the background and culture of others. Without that understanding communication and relationships are very superficial. This reading has also been very helpful in understanding how often terms and meanings will often change, and â€Å"code words† come into use. This gives me the incentive to look past certain words to be certain of the real meaning the user is trying to convey. This is an unfortunate but com-mon problem we face in communication and perhaps readers of this work will come away better prepared to address an issue without the need for dishonest language.

Egyptian And Mexican Pyramids Essay -- essays research papers fc

Mysteries of the Ancient World   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For many centuries people have been fascinated by ancient cultures and treasures. During the last two centuries the science of archeology and modern inventions allowed people to get inside of the Egyptian and Mayan pyramids and discover the treasures of Egyptian pharaohs and Mayan rulers. Most of what we know about Egypt we owe to the pyramids. Thanks to Egyptian belief in the afterlife we can now find out about the civilization that existed nearly five thousand years ago. Egyptian culture is not the only culture that left us its heritage in pyramids. In America we find pyramids build by civilizations of Olmec and Maya about 7th century CE. These pyramids had different purposes and usage then the ones in Egypt but they stand as memorials to ancient civilizations as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Egyptian people believed in life after death. One of the way pharaohs prepared themselves for the afterlife journey was by building a pyramid and putting there all their belongings and riches. Egyptian people believed that pharaoh is the closest person to the God and treated him accordingly. That is the reason for Egyptian tombs being full with the golden jewelry, precious stones and art objects. Most of the time art objects were not considered a treasury but they played their particular role in religious rituals. Jars were holding food and drinks for pharaoh’s journey, so he would not get hungry and would have food and drinks to offer to the Gods. The figurative sculptures were suppose to accompany Ka ( spiritual entity) in its lonely stay or serve as a twin for the mummy. If something happens to the mummy the ka could use the sculpture of the pharaoh for the revelation. As well as for Egyptians religion was an everyday concern for many of the Maya, whether the dynastic ruler, the zealous priest, or the humble believer. Maya has an extensive religion structure which we can not know in details. Chac and Itzamna are the most famous gods of Mayan culture. Hunahpu and Xbalanque are among the most interesting mythical characters. One of the most crucial gods was Tlaloc, who was worshiped in various guises by the culture of Teotihuacan, the Toltec of Tula, and later Aztecs. The Maya received the cult of Tlaloc during the 4th century more or less. The Cauac Monster, also known as the Witz monster, is a... ...ties of the ancient Maya†. Mystery of Maya. CMCC. May 1999. http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/maya/mmc01eng.html â€Å"Herodotus Reports on Mummification.† May 1999. http://pluto.clinch.edu/history/wciv1/civ1ref/mummy.html â€Å"Life in Ancient Egypt. Shabtis.† Ed. Craig Patch. Exc. from Reflections of Greatness: Ancient Egypt at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History. 1990. http://www.yahoo.com/egypt/ â€Å"Maya Civilization.† Mystery of Maya. CMCC. May 1999. http://www.civilization.ca/membrs/civiliz/maya/mmc01eng.html Newby, P.H. The Egypt story, its art, its monuments, its people, its history. Italy: Abbreville Press: 1979. Payne, Elizabeth. The pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. New York: Random House, Inc. 1984. â€Å"Photographs of Maya ruins of Tikal showing how Hasselblad cameras and Zeiss lenses result in better pictures†. Maya Art & books. International Photographic Archive of Maya Art. June 1998. http://www.maya-art-books.org/html/New_photos.html â€Å"The First Egyptian Mummies†. Corkankhamun explains mummification. May 1999. http://members.aol.com/mumifyddog/first.html â€Å"Why Egyptians Made Mummies†. Corkankhamun explains mummification. May 1999. http://members.aol.com/mumifyddog/first.html

Love and Courtship in Federalist America Essay

The courtships and marriages of Theodore Sedgwick and of his seven children span the American Revolution and the early republic, with Theodore first marrying in 1767/68, his children being born between 1775 and 1791, and all except Catharine marrying by their thirties. In some ways, Kenslea’s findings are unsurprising, as arranged marriages gave way to individual choice: Sedgwick arranged his eldest daughters’ marriages in 1797 and 1801, while his sons enjoyed love matches within a decade. But Kenslea’s focus on the family adds a new dimension: male influence in arranging young women’s marriages apparently extended beyond fathers to brothers. Professing â€Å"so much pride and pleasure in contemplating her worth, that I want the world to know what a sister I possess† (45), Theodore II insisted Frances marry Ebenezer Watson, whom she did not love. When Watson turned out to be physically abusive, Frances’s brothers again played a significant ro le by using their influence on her husband’s business as a way to control him and offering their homes as a refuge. Just as brothers influenced their sisters’ marriages, peers played a significant role in love matches: in both cases, courtship took place in a group context. Even when love superseded paternal choice, siblings made clear that marriage to someone was necessary: as Catharine Sedgwick asked her equivocating brother, â€Å"What are you doing? Sucking your thumbs, and building castles while all the birds of the air are building their nests† (110). Friends were equally important in shaping courtship. The wonderfully named â€Å"Friendlies†Ã¢â‚¬â€a group of single and married Boston women in their twenties—not only provided the younger Sedgwicks with potential wives, but advised them on how to choose well. Kenslea demonstrates that marrying for love by no means simplified choice; instead, both men and women employed badinage as a way of ascertaining intent without committing themselves, and alliances shifted so quickly that the Sedgwick men seem to have courted all the Friendlies at once. Such â€Å"dizzingly complex† male/female relations (119)—replete with wit, romantic potential, and power plays—suggest parallels to the mixed groups Catharine Allgor discovered in the early republic’s political salons (103). At least during courtship, male/female spheres had remarkably porous boundaries, and Kenslea finds the beginnings of the â€Å"domestication of virtue† (169) in the early republic, as personal  happiness succeeded public good. As couples became engaged, they retreated from friends and family and developed relationships Kenslea finds similar to those Karen Lystra discovered among Victorians two decades later. In Harry Sedgwick and Jane Minot’s engagement of 1816-17, they quit badinage for candor, tested their relationship with a year long separation as Sedgwick established himself financially, and created new selves by employing letters as a form of physical contact and â€Å"ritual celebration of their love† (131). Like Lystra, Kenslea finds â€Å"fluidity of gender roles† (155), with Jane complimenting Harry, â€Å"you are the nearest to a woman in your feelings of any man I know† (144). The Sedgwick manuscripts, however, allow Kenslea to examine such courtships through siblings’ and parents’ eyes, rather than only from the couple’s perspective. If the Sedgwicks provide much evidence of family and friends’ roles in court- ship and the erosion of distinct gender roles, they also suggest the limits of change. The Sedgwicks occupied a narrow cut of society—Federalist, Unitarian, and upper class—but male privilege framed their lives.

Erickson s Theory Of Development - 1382 Words

Erickson has developed a psychosocial theory, which was modeled on Freud s model of psychosexual theory. Erickson s theory extends the number of life stages in order to encompass the entire life. Erickson expanded the principles of psychosocial development beyond childhood and theorized that the ego itself is shaped and transformed not only by biological and psychological forces, but also social factors. This was a new perspective because Freud s theory didn t use any other factors for development. Erickson s â€Å"linked biological urogenital zones with particular mode of ego functioning and demonstrated how self and identity are biological, physical, logical, and socially determined.†(Berzoff, 2011) Erickson saw development occurring†¦show more content†¦Each stage affects later stages, with a dilemma that can be resolved positively or negatively. The resolution will impact the development of the individual. These are Erickson s eight stages of development. Stages Ages Virtue trust versus basic mistrust 0-18months trust autonomy versus shame and doubt 18 months-3 yrs. will initiative versus guilt 3years-6yrs. Sense of purpose industry versus inferiority 6yrs.- 11yrs. competence identity versus role confusion 11yrs-18yrs. fidelity intimacy versus isolation 19yrs-25yrs. love generativity versus stagnation 25yrs-60yrs Care Egointegrity versus despair 60yrs-til death Wisdom (Berzoff, 2011) There are some differences in both theories. Erickson did not dwell on the unconscious, id, and drive. His focus was on consciousness, the Ego interplay of